As the most common liver disease in the world, Hepatitis B is a life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, or HBV. It can cause chronic infection and put people at a high risk of death from cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and liver cancer. In 2015, 257 million people were living with a chronic form of hepatitis B, and almost 900,000 people died from it. In this video, you’ll learn a bit about the background of hepatitis B, its symptoms, transmission, molecular mechanism, prevention, and treatment!
This video was made by McMaster University Demystifying Medicine students Julie Cho, Saad Ahmed, Vivek Parmar, Anisa Rana, Barjot Gill.
Copyright McMaster University 2021.
References:
Boni, C., Fisicaro, P., Valdatta, C., Amadei, B., Vincenzo, P. D., Giuberti, T., . . . Ferrari, C. (2007). Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Specific T-Cell Dysfunction in Chronic HBV Infection. Journal of Virology, 81(8), 4215-4225. doi:10.1128/jvi.02844-06
Hepatitis B Foundation. (2020). What is Hepatitis B. https://www.hepb.org/what-is-hepatitis-b/what-is-hepb/
Janeway C. et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and
Disease. 5th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2001. T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27101/
Lumley SF, McNaughton AL, Klenerman P, Lythgoe KA and Matthews PC (2018) Hepatitis B Virus Adaptation to the CD8+ T Cell Response: Consequences for Host and Pathogen. Front. Immunol. 9:1561. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01561
Oh, I., & Park, S. (2015). Immune-mediated Liver Injury in Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Immune Network, 15(4), 191. doi: 10.4110/in.2015.15.4.191
Schuch, A., Hoh, A., & Thimme, R. (2014). The role of natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B virus infection. Frontiers in immunology, 5, 258. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00258
Seeger, C., & Mason, W. S. (2015). Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Virology, 0, 672–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.031
WHO. (2020). Hepatitis B. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
Ye, B. et al. (2015). T-cell exhaustion in chronic hepatitis B infection: current knowledge and clinical significance. Cell Death & Disease, 6(3), e1694-e1694. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2015.42
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What is the hepatitis virus? Well, the hepatitis virus invades liver cells and causes inflammation in the liver tissue. There are five known hepatitis viruses—hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E, all of which have slightly different presentations, symptoms and severity. Find more videos at http://osms.it/more.
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